Corrosion and Cavitation Erosion Behaviours of Cast Nickel Aluminium Bronze in 3.5% NaCl Solution with Different Sulphide Concentrations

The effect of sulphide(Na_2S) concentration(SC) on the corrosion and cavitation erosion behaviours of a cast nickel aluminium bronze(NAB) in 3.5% NaCl solution is investigated in this study.The results show that when the SC exceeds 50 ppm,the hydrogen evolution reaction dominates the cathodic process,and a limiting current region appears in the anodic branch of the polarisation curve due to the formation of a copper sulphide film,which is a diffusion-controlled process.After longterm immersion,the increased mass loss rate of NAB with the sulphide additions of 20 and 50 ppm is attributed to the less protective films,which contains a mixture of copper oxides and sulphides.Moreover,NAB undergoes severe localised corrosion(selective phase corrosion,SPC) at the β' phases and eutectoid microstructure α+κ_Ⅲ.By comparison,NAB undergoes general corrosion and a copper sulphide film is formed in 100 and 200 ppm sulphide solutions.Cavitation erosion greatly increases the corrosion rate of NAB in all solutions and causes a negative potential shift in 3.5% NaCl solution due to the film destruction.However,a positive potential shift occurs in the solutions with SC higher than 50 ppm due to the accelerated mass transfer of the cathodic process.The cavitation erosion mass loss rate of NAB increases with the increase of SC.The occurrence of severe SPC decreases the phase boundary cohesion and causes brittle fracture under the cavitation impact.The corrosion-enhanced erosion is the most predominant factor for the cavitation erosion damage when the SC exceeds 50 ppm.     

Comparative studies of grain refinement of commercial purity Mg by CaO and Ca addition

ABSTRACT

The comparative studies of grain refinement of commercial purity Mg by CaO/Ca addition have been investigated by using TP-1 tests, optical microscope, XRD characterisation and TEM (STEM) observation along with EDX analysis. Experimental results showed that Ca/CaO addition significantly refines the grain structure of commercial purity Mg. Compared with Ca addition, CaO exhibits finer grain size and the average grain size remains invariable with further CaO addition. CaO addition is readily reduced to Ca by Mg melt and forms Mg₂Ca on the surface of MgO particles. First-principle calculations were used to understand the nucleation of Mg₂Ca layer by a coherent interface model calculating the work of adhesion and the interface energy between Mg₂Ca and α-Mg. The combination of experiments and calculations showed that the formation of Mg₂Ca layer on MgO facilitates the nucleation of α-Mg and then refines the grain structure by Ca or CaO addition.     

Effects of trace Cr on as-cast microstructure and microstructural evolution of semi-solid isothermal heat treatment ZC61 magnesium alloy

The content and kind of trace elements in magnesium alloys have important effects on their ascast and semi-solid microstructures. In this research work, effects of trace Cr on as-cast and semi-solid microstructures of ZC61 magnesium alloy were investigated by metal mold casting and semi-solid isothermal heat treatment. The results show that the addition of Cr can refine the α-Mg phase without generating a new phase, noticeably change the eutectic phase, and decrease the average size of solid particles at the same isothermal heat treatment conditions. Non-dendritic microstructures of all alloys are constituted of α_1-Mg phases, α_2-Mg phases and eutectic phases after water quenching. With isothermal temperature increased or holding time prolonged, the eutectic microstructure(α-Mg+MgZn_2+CuMgZn) at the grain boundaries in as-cast alloy is melted preferentially and then turned into semi-solid non-dendritic microstructure by processes of initial coarsening, microstructure separation, spheroidizing and final coarsening. Especially when the ZC61-0.1 Cr alloy was treated at 585 ℃ for 30 min, the ideal non-dendritic microstructure can be obtained, and the corresponding solid particle size and shape factor were 37.5 μm and 1.33, respectively. The coarsening process of solid α-Mg phase at higher temperature or longer time, which is affected by both combining growth and Ostwald ripening mechanism, is refrained when Cr is added to the ZC61 alloy.     

Wearing and Corrosion Resistance of TAMZ Alloy Implanted by Carbon Ion in Hank’s Body Fluid

人体模拟体液Hank’s溶液中对碳离子注入TAMZ合金的耐蚀耐磨行为进行研究。结果表明,碳离子注入TAMZ合金表面形成含碳量1.07%的均匀改性层,碳离子注入层厚度达9 μm。碳离子注入后,TAMZ表面形成无序层膜,经XRD分析主要由TiC和Ti组成。Hank’s溶液中电化学测试结果表明,注入碳离子的TAMZ合金腐蚀电位升高、电荷转移电阻增大,阳极极化电流密度降低,改善了电化学性能。其原因归结于碳离子注入后碳化物的无序层膜的形成阻滞了合金元素的溶解,提高了膜层的耐蚀性能。Hank’s溶液中注入碳离子的TAMZ合金的摩擦系数和比磨损率均明显小于基体TAMZ合金,硬度提高;而且经摩擦的碳离子注入TAMZ合金比基体TAMZ合金的阳极极化电流密度小、电荷转移电阻大,表明碳离子注入改性层在人体模拟液环境中具有优良的耐磨、耐蚀性能     

电火花钻斜小孔特性研究

对电火花钻斜孔过程的放电状态进行了监测,并研究了电极长度对加工速度的影响。通过对钻斜孔过程放电状态的监测,发现电火花钻斜小孔可分为初钻阶段、钻孔阶段和击穿阶段。其中,初钻阶段和击穿阶段存在大量的开路、短路现象,加工速度慢;而钻孔阶段的正常放电概率大,加工速度快。随着电极因损耗而逐渐变短,加工速度呈增加的趋势,这主要是由于电极变短后,水头损失变小,内冲液流量增大,使排屑更顺畅,从而提高了加工效率。     

Zr及稀土Ce、La对铝电工圆杆性能的影响

通常在铝导线中加入Zr元素来提高其耐热性,但Zr的加入会严重降低导线的电导率,造成线损增加。试验研究了Zr与Ce、La稀土复合加入对铝电工圆杆组织和性能的影响。结果表明:Zr分别与稀土La、Ce互配加入都能使电工圆杆在电导率下降较少的情况下,强度有一定幅度的提高,这为高强高电导率耐热铝合金导线的研究作了初步探索。     

机械振动无线传感网络数据分块无损压缩方法

针对目前机械振动无线传感器网络数据无损压缩方法效率低的问题,提出一种数据分块无损压缩方法,该方法主要由数据分割和数据编码组成。传感器网络节点首先对采集的振动数据进行分块处理,利用子带能量自适应量化方法压缩原始数据,以量化压缩数据完成对原始信号的预测;然后将量化数据还原,计算预测差值矩阵;最后,采用线性预测、自适应零游程编码和Range编码对量化压缩数据和差值矩阵进行编码,进一步去除数据冗余。将提出的数据分块无损压缩方法的压缩性能与其他无损压缩方法进行对比,实验结果表明该方法能在资源受限的无线传感器网络节点上有效实现机械振动信号的无损压缩。     

2.25Cr1Mo0.25V钢高温变形微观组织的演变分析与数值模拟

在Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机上对2.25Cr1Mo0.25V钢进行等温压缩试验,得到变形温度在900~1200℃、应变速率在0.001~10 s-1、变形量为60%时的高温流动应力-应变曲线。结合金相实验,研究2.25Cr1Mo0.25V钢在不同变形条件下微观组织的演变规律,建立2.25Cr1Mo0.25V钢在高温塑性变形过程中的动态再结晶数学模型。将模型与有限元结合,对热压缩过程的组织演化进行数值模拟,模拟结果与试验结果的相对误差小于11%,验证了模型的正确性。